The complex relationship between agricultural diversity and food security in resource-limited regions such as central Senegal requires thorough investigation. This study investigates this important relationship by conducting a comparative analysis of two different agroforestry parklands: Niolo Park and Cool Samba Dia Park. Rather than simply analyzing tree cover, we take a multifaceted approach, integrating spatial data on landscape diversity, monitoring agricultural land and conducting detailed household surveys. This comprehensive data collection reveals the direct and indirect contributions of agricultural diversity to food availability, as measured by millet yield and food access, and approximated by the Household Food Security Access Scale (HFIAS). Can be understood.

A gradient boosting machine (GBM) algorithm is used to determine the relative effects of landscape diversity, biophysical variables, and crop management practices on millet yield variation. Our results show that landscape diversity has a significant influence, explaining up to 53% and 47% of the yield variation in Nioro and Cool Samba Dia parks, respectively. In particular, tree species richness and density have emerged as the most influential factors determining yield, highlighting the importance of promoting diverse and well-structured park ecosystems. Furthermore, correlation network analysis (CNA) provides insight into the complex relationships linking agricultural diversity and household food security. Our analysis shows that there is a moderate correlation between increased tree cover, stand growth, and improved HFIAS values. This suggests that a mosaic of diverse tree species strategically integrated into agricultural landscapes can improve food availability and affordability and ultimately strengthen household food security. . In summary, this study highlights the important role of agricultural diversity in improving food security in agroforestry parklands in central Senegal. Promoting diverse and well-structured park ecosystems can not only improve food availability and access, but also contribute to overall household food security.