This research article examines the historical evolution and current challenges faced by women in Indian political parties. Despite constitutional guarantees and increased political awareness, women's representation in party leadership and policymaking remains minimal. Drawing upon Feminist Political Theory, Postcolonial Theory, and Intersectionality, this paper explores women's participation in electoral politics, policy influence, and leadership structures. It provides a chronological analysis from the nationalist movement to post-independence India and addresses ongoing barriers such as gender bias, patriarchal norms, tokenism, and lack of institutional support. The article concludes by advocating structural reforms and inclusive political frameworks to ensure substantive gender equality.