This research paper aims to provide an analysis of the construct of 'Dharma' as the core of Bharatiya social and political life. It critically examines the colonial and Western-centric frameworks that have historically marginalized non-Western cultures and narrowed the definition of Dharma to mere 'religion' or 'sect' (Berman, 2000; Sarkar, 2008). The central thesis posits that Dharma may be understood not as a static religious doctrine, but as a universal principle of order (Dhri) that sustains and balances the individual, society, and the cosmos (Chaturvedi, 1993; Kallol, 2026). Tracing the epistemological roots from the Rigveda and Dharmasutras to the epics such as Ramayana and Mahabharata, the study explores the evolution of Dharma from cosmic law (Rta) to a complex code of ethical conduct and social responsibility (Brockington, 1998; Griffith, 1896; Hatcher & Olivelle, 1999; Shani & Behera, 2021). While the Ramayana highlights the personal and moral dimensions of Dharma, the Mahabharata addresses its multifaceted role in maintaining systemic harmony and interpersonal relationships (Brockington, 1998; Shani & Behera, 2021).

The paper further discusses modern reinterpretations, particularly by Mahatma Gandhi, who arguably viewed Dharma as a synthesis of duty, faith, and ethics applicable to all humanity (Sethy, 2015). Ultimately, the research suggests that the reclamation of the Bharatiya understanding of Dharma might offer a viable, holistic alternative for addressing contemporary global challenges, including social conflicts and environmental degradation, by promoting a society rooted in ethical integrity and universal well-being (Chaturvedi, 1993; Sunder, 2020).