This paper explores the intricate interplay of power, identity, and existential inquiry in the novels of Milan Kundera, with a focus on how political forces shape and distort the human experience. Kundera’s narrative world is often set against the backdrop of totalitarian regimes, where personal freedoms are compromised, and identity becomes a site of struggle. Through close readings of key works such as The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, and The Joke, the paper examines how Kundera critiques institutional power while foregrounding the individual's quest for meaning. Drawing from existentialist philosophy, particularly the works of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Sartre, the analysis reveals how Kundera’s characters grapple with memory, choice, and the absurdity of existence in a politically charged world. Ultimately, the paper argues that Kundera uses fiction not only as a form of resistance but also as a philosophical inquiry into what it means to be human under oppressive conditions.