The present study empirically examines the impact of competency mapping on employee performance within private sector banks in India. Employing a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 400 banking professionals across four leading private banks using a validated competency mapping instrument and a multi-dimensional employee performance scale. The study found significant positive associations between core banking competencies-including customer orientation, problem-solving, digital proficiency, and teamwork-and key performance outcomes such as service quality, target achievement, and innovation. Regression analysis indicated that competency mapping accounted for 52% of the variance in employee performance (R² = .52, F(4, 395) = 107.34, p<.001). The findings suggest that strategic integration of competency mapping in HR practices can enhance workforce productivity and competitive advantage in the evolving banking sector. Practical implications and recommendations for HR managers are discussed, with a focus on continuous skill development and digital transformation.