Pure compounds or standardized extracts of medicinal plants include an unprecedented range of chemicals, giving up endless possibilities for new therapeutic leads. Edible plant research has recently seen a surge in interest throughout the globe, driven by rising demands for chemical variety in screening programs and the search for medicinal medicines derived from natural sources. There are many different kinds of bioactive chemicals found in medical botanicals and herbal remedies. Analytical techniques, such as those used to extract, isolate, and characterize active components in botanical and herbal medicines, are the main subject of this article. We will go over the most typical issues and major obstacles that arise when trying to isolate and characterize the active components in botanicals and herbal remedies. We will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of various extraction procedures since they are crucial to the research of botanicals and herbal medicines. Examining the bioactive compounds present in plant extracts include standard phytochemical screening tests, chromatographic techniques, and non-chromatographic techniques.