Critical thinking also aids in the interpretation of the world around us, and institutions place a strong focus on training students problem-solving skills. While students gain specific abilities from the courses they study in class, the method by which they learn this material and the original concepts they are encouraged to contemplate have an impact on many facets of their lives. Once ADHD is diagnosed, children and parents must be informed about how it might affect learning, behavior, personality, emotional intelligence, and family function. Therapeutic interventions for the home should aim to strengthen parenting abilities, improve the child's interpersonal interactions, build the child's study skills, and reduce the child's disruptive behavior. The goal of behavioral therapy is to identify behaviors that cause dysfunction (e.g., disruptive behavior, difficulty managing homework, failure to follow family or school norms) so that the child can work on gradually improving. To help the child succeed, parents and teachers should be guided in establishing clear communication of expectations, effective teaching methodologies, and contingency management. Large-scale multisite randomised controlled trials of up to two years have found that, while both behavioural therapies and substances improve outcomes, stimulants are more effective than behavioural therapies when used alone, with psychosocial approaches alone being only moderately effective in improving behaviour. The most severely impaired children with ADHD (often those with co-occurring disorders) benefit the most from a combination of carefully managed medication and behaviorally oriented therapy.