abstract

Homelessness remains one of the most persistent social problems affecting millions of individuals worldwide. It is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by poverty, unemployment, inadequate housing, domestic violence, mental illness, substance abuse, and social exclusion. The issue extends beyond the absence of shelter and encompasses deprivation of dignity, security, health, and social participation. Social workers play a critical role in addressing homelessness through advocacy, case management, counseling, rehabilitation, community mobilization, and policy interventions. Drawing upon historical foundations established by pioneers such as Jane Addams and Mary Richmond, contemporary social work adopts both micro-and macro-level approaches to support homeless individuals and families.

This paper examines the concept, categories, causes, and consequences of homelessness, with particular emphasis on the role of social workers in facilitating social inclusion and sustainable rehabilitation. The study also reviews governmental initiatives, including shelter programs and urban livelihood missions, aimed at reducing homelessness. Findings suggest that effective homelessness interventions require integrated approaches combining affordable housing, employment opportunities, healthcare access, social protection, and community-based support systems. The paper concludes that social workers serve as vital agents of social change who can bridge the gap between vulnerable populations and institutional resources while advocating for equitable housing policies and social justice.