abstract

As bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics, human health is put at risk due to factors such as inadequate treatment duration, incorrect dosage intervals, and negligible doses. The development of antibiotic resistance has been a major problem in recent years, but antimicrobials produced from medicinal plants provide a potential new weapon in the fight against infectious diseases. Peptides are present in the cells of all organisms. Antibiotics, enzymes that neutralize infections, and hormones that regulate development in several domains, including sexual maturation and growth, are among their numerous functions. Importantly, peptide-mediated innate immunity serves as the host's first defensive mechanism. The vast majority of these genetically encoded peptides swiftly eliminate a wide range of microbes after the onset of a microbial infection.