abstract

This study investigates the efficiency and effectiveness of green solvents in chemical reactions, comparing their performance to traditional solvents in terms of reaction yield, time, selectivity and environmental impact. Green solvents such as water, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) offer sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents, which often pose significant environmental and health risks. Experimental results reveal that green solvents consistently achieve higher yields (5%-18% improvement), reduced reaction times (25%-40% faster), and superior selectivity (up to 12% higher) across various reactions, including esterification, oxidation, polymerization and transesterification. Additionally, green solvents significantly reduce toxicity, emissions and energy consumption, aligning with green chemistry principles. However, challenges such as high production costs and scalability remain barriers to widespread adoption. This research highlights the potential of green solvents to transform chemical processes into more sustainable practices, offering insights for their integration into industrial applications while promoting environmental conservation.