abstract

The effectiveness of criminal law provisions in addressing gender-based violence (GBV) is a critical area of study and action, as GBV continues to pose significant challenges to gender equality and societal well-being. Over the years, legislative frameworks have been strengthened globally to criminalize various forms of violence, including domestic violence, sexual assault, trafficking, and honor-based crimes. These laws aim to protect victims, deter perpetrators, and ensure justice. However, their impact is often hindered by systemic barriers such as inadequate enforcement, societal stigma, and secondary victimization within the justice system. Research highlights that victim-sensitive approaches, survivor-centric judicial procedures, and multi-sectoral collaboration significantly enhance the effectiveness of these laws. Furthermore, coordinated efforts between law enforcement, healthcare, and community organizations can foster a more comprehensive response to GBV. While progressive legal frameworks exist, their success depends on addressing implementation gaps, increasing awareness, and fostering societal attitudes that reject violence in all its forms. This study underscores the need for holistic strategies to ensure that criminal law provisions are not only robust but also effectively implemented to protect survivors and reduce the prevalence of GBV.